大剂量细胞色素C在抢救儿童急性磷化氢中毒的临床作用

目的 探讨儿童急性磷化氢中毒的临床特点,及大剂量细胞色素C的临床作用。方法 收集2013年11月—2018年6月本中心救治的急性磷化氢中毒儿童22例临床资料,并回顾性分析。结果 男13例,女9例;年龄29 d~13岁;轻中度磷化氢中毒10例,重度磷化氢中毒12例;轻中度中毒患儿出现症状至就诊时间明显短于重度中毒患儿(P=0.029)。轻中度磷化氢中毒主要表现为头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹痛;重度中毒主要表现为昏迷、口唇紫绀、低血压,甚至心源性休克。实验室检查:脑钠肽异常升高12例;心肌酶异常12例;血乳酸升高10例;心电图异常16例,均表现为快速心律失常,其中1例为尖端扭转型心律失常。除常规治疗外,均给予大剂量细胞色素C治疗,轻中度中毒患儿均治愈,重度中毒患儿治愈6例,死亡6例,22例儿童磷化氢中毒总死亡率为27.3%,重度磷化氢中毒死亡率50%。结论 儿童急性磷化氢中毒死亡率高,在常规治疗的基础上,给予静脉应用大剂量细胞色素C可明显降低儿童急性磷化氢中毒的死亡率。     

母亲龋易感性与婴儿口腔微生物多样性关系的纵向探究

目的通过检查有龋及无龋母亲的口腔卫生状况,并通过随访收集其婴儿1个月(1月龄)及6个月(6月龄)的唾液样本测序分析,观察母亲患龋情况对其婴儿口腔微生物多样性的影响。方法通过筛查收集1月龄婴儿的唾液样本;于首次采样时记录母亲的口腔卫生状况,根据母亲患龋情况将婴儿分为母亲有龋组(简称有龋组)和母亲无龋组(简称无龋组),跟踪随访至婴儿6个月时再次收集唾液样本。通过高通量测序的方法,分析婴儿不同月龄微生物多样性的变化。结果本研究随访受试者10例(男6例,女4例),其中有龋组7例,无龋组3例,各组间的微生物群落多样性Shannon指数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。无龋组婴儿1月龄至6月龄时微生物群落的物种组成有较大变化;有龋组婴儿在1月龄和6月龄时组内各样本间物种组成均差异较大;1月龄时两组微生物群落较相似,而至6月龄时两组婴儿唾液的物种组成已开始发生变化。结论有龋组婴儿口腔内菌群多样性总体高于无龋组,在1月龄至6月龄间婴儿口腔内微生物物种的多样性及丰度均有了不同程度的提高。     

Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities

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Regional Tau Effects on Prospective Cognitive Change in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

Studies suggest that tau deposition starts in the anterolateral entorhinal cortex (EC) with normal aging, and that the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) facilitates its spread to neocortex, which may reflect the beginning of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Functional connectivity between the anterolateral EC and the anterior-temporal (AT) memory network appears to drive higher tau deposition in AT than in the posterior-medial (PM) memory network. Here, we investigated whether this differential vulnerability to tau deposition may predict different cognitive consequences of EC, AT, and PM tau. Using ¹⁸F-flortaucipir (FTP) and ¹¹C-Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we measured tau and Aβ in 124 cognitively normal human older adults (74 females, 50 males) followed for an average of 2.8 years for prospective cognition. We found that higher FTP in all three regions was individually related to faster memory decline, and that the effects of AT and PM FTP, but not EC, were driven by Aβ+ individuals. Moreover, when we included all three FTP measures competitively in the same model, only AT FTP significantly predicted memory decline. Our data support a model whereby tau, facilitated by Aβ, transits from EC to cortical regions that are most closely associated with the anterolateral EC, which specifically affects memory in the initial stage of AD. Memory also appears to be affected by EC tau in the absence of Aβ, which may be less clinically consequential. These findings may provide clarification of differences between normal aging and AD, and elucidate the transition between the two stages.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) are hallmarks of Alzheimer''s disease (AD) but are also found in cognitively normal people. It is unclear whether, and how, this early deposition of tau and Aβ may affect cognition in normal aging and the asymptomatic stage of AD. We show that tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which is common in advanced age, predicts memory decline in older adults independent of Aβ, likely reflecting normal, age-related memory loss. In contrast, tau in anterior-temporal (AT) regions is most predictive of memory decline in Aβ+ individuals. These data support the idea that tau preferentially spreads to specific cortical regions, likely through functional connections, which plays a primary role in memory decline in the early stage of AD.     

蛴螬对激光损伤兔血-视网膜屏障后视网膜TekC、NGF表达的影响＊

目的 探讨蛴螬促进激光损伤兔血-视网膜屏障后的修复作用及机理。方法 30只实验性兔随机分为正常组、模型组、蛴螬组。采用激光损伤血-视网膜屏障动物模型，在屏障损伤后1周及2周两个时相，观察蛴螬对兔血-视网膜屏障损伤修复情况、血-视网膜屏障组织形态结构及神经营养因子受体TrkC、NGF表达及影响。结果 蛴螬能促进损伤的血-视网膜屏障修复，减轻激光导致的视网膜组织及细胞形态学损伤，促进TrkC、NGF的表达，抑制视网膜细胞增殖与变性，从而改善视网膜功能。结论 蛴螬可能通过改善视网膜组织能量代谢，清除氧自由基，促进神经营养因子受体的表达，抑制视细胞增殖，起到保护血-视网膜屏障组织结构的作用。     

“扶正治癌”理论的科学内涵

恶性肿瘤已经成为全球第二位致死原因，急需提高整体防治效果，中西医结合治疗具有一定的优势和疗效。国医大师刘嘉湘先生融汇中西医学治疗肿瘤的优势，于1972年首先系统提出“扶正法”治癌的观 点，经过长期系统研究，构建了“道、法、术、理”完备的“扶正治癌”学术体系，推动恶性肿瘤的治疗原则从以“消 瘤为主”向“以人为本，人瘤并重”转换，提高了晚期肺癌的疗效，5年生存率达到24.22%的国内领先水平。本文 分别从机体免疫调控及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和衰老的角度揭示“扶正治癌”的科学内涵，并引入抑制静止期癌细 胞等新的研究方法和思路，以期进一步突破制约癌症防治效果的瓶颈。     

Putative protective neural mechanisms in prereaders with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills

Developmental dyslexia affects 40–60% of children with a familial risk (FHD+) compared to a general prevalence of 5–10%. Despite the increased risk, about half of FHD+ children develop typical reading abilities (FHD+Typical). Yet the underlying neural characteristics of favorable reading outcomes in at‐risk children remain unknown. Utilizing a retrospective, longitudinal approach, this study examined whether putative protective neural mechanisms can be observed in FHD+Typical at the prereading stage. Functional and structural brain characteristics were examined in 47 FHD+ prereaders who subsequently developed typical (n = 35) or impaired (n = 12) reading abilities and 34 controls (FHD?Typical). Searchlight‐based multivariate pattern analyses identified distinct activation patterns during phonological processing between FHD+Typical and FHD?Typical in right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and left temporo‐parietal cortex (LTPC) regions. Follow‐up analyses on group‐specific classification patterns demonstrated LTPC hypoactivation in FHD+Typical compared to FHD?Typical, suggesting this neural characteristic as an FHD+ phenotype. In contrast, RIFG showed hyperactivation in FHD+Typical than FHD?Typical, and its activation pattern was positively correlated with subsequent reading abilities in FHD+ but not controls (FHD?Typical). RIFG hyperactivation in FHD+Typical was further associated with increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity. These results suggest that some protective neural mechanisms are already established in FHD+Typical prereaders supporting their typical reading development.